Health Reform & Coverage Expansion: What’s In It for Texas?
Note copied from
August 18, 2009
Center for Public Policy Priorities/Texas Voice for Health Reform
| 900 Lydia Street | Austin, TX 78702 www.texasvoiceforhealthreform.org 1
Health Reform & Coverage Expansion: What’s In It for Texas?
Health Reform bills in the Senate and House (as of the start of the August recess) are not
identical, but they share major features. At this point, both bills provide major
benefits to Texans from every walk of life, and millions of uninsured Texans
would gain coverage.
In this fact sheet, CPPP provides rough estimates of the scale of impact and benefits for
Texans from health reform coverage expansion proposals. Because the House bill
is more clearly defined at this time, most examples below are from that bill.
We will update this fact sheet to reflect House and Senate developments.
Overall, the U.S. Census estimates that 5.9 million Texans were uninsured in 2007. To be conservative, our estimates here include only (1) uninsured Texans and (2) the 4.44 million
of these who are U.S. Citizens (Health reform bills will not cover undocumented
immigrants, and may not cover all legal immigrants.).
• The Congressional Budget office estimates that the House reform bill would result in 95
percent of uninsured Americans gaining coverage. Per these CBO estimates, 4.2 million
uninsured U.S. citizens in Texas would gain health insurance coverage.
Affordable Insurance Coverage at Every Income Level Middle‐class Texans who have coverage
today face rising out‐of‐pocket costs and shrinking benefits every year.
• Under the reform bills, every Texan will have new security because you cannot lose, be
denied, or be priced out of coverage no matter your age or health status or employment
status. You will no longer have to worry about changing jobs or being self‐employed,
because you will be able to get affordable coverage no matter where you work.
• Both bills include annual caps on out-of-pocket costs as part of the minimum
benefit package for health reform. The House caps out‐of‐pocket costs at $5,000
for an individual or $10,000 for a family (at any income level), and the Senate HELP
Committee caps out‐of‐pocket costs at $5,800 for an individual or $11,600 for a family.
The bills also prohibit annual and lifetime benefit limits to coverage. By capping the
amount owed out‐of‐pocket and removing benefit limits, these bills provide critical
financial protection that families do not have today, and which would eliminate
most health‐care‐cost‐related bankruptcies.
• About 650,000 uninsured Texans with incomes above 400 percent of (four times)
the federal poverty income level could gain coverage under the House reform bill.1
(income exceeding $88,000 a year for a family of four)
Low‐to‐moderate‐income Texans will have all the protections above, plus:
August 18, 2009
Center for Public Policy Priorities/Texas Voice for Health Reform
| 900 Lydia Street | Austin, TX 78702 www.texasvoiceforhealthreform.org 2
• Help buying high‐quality health insurance at sliding‐scale prices, with a guarantee that
premiums won’t take more than a predictable percentage of family income. In the House bill,
family premiums costs are capped on a sliding scale, from 3 percent of income for families just
above the poverty level (about $29,300 for a family of four) to 12 percent of income for
families up to four times the poverty level (about $88,000 for a family of four).
• Both bills also set sliding‐scale caps on out‐of‐pocket costs for low and moderate income
individuals and families who get subsidies to purchase insurance through the health
insurance exchange.
• About 2.3 million uninsured Texans with incomes from 125‐400 percent of the federal
poverty income level (from about $27,600 to $88,000 for a family of four) would qualify for
sliding‐scale help with premiums and out‐of‐pocket costs.2
• If Sliding‐Scale help limited to 300% FPL: Some members of Congress advocate
limiting help with premiums and out of pocket costs to Texans under 300 percent of
poverty, rather than 400% FPL. This would make about 3 million fewer Texans (those
with average incomes from about $66,000 to $88,000 for a family of four) ineligible
for sliding‐scale help with health care costs. Of these, 2.8 million are U.S. citizens
and about 385,000 are currently uninsured.
• Sliding‐scale help with premiums and out of pocket costs will be available not just for
the uninsured, but also for low‐ and moderate‐income Texans with coverage today who
struggle to pay premiums. For example, in the House bill, premium and cost‐sharing
credits are available to individuals with employer‐sponsored coverage if their share of
premium costs exceed 12 percent of their income. An estimated total of 4.9 to 5.5
million Texans, includes both insured and uninsured today will be potentially eligible
for sliding‐scale help, though the number who actually need help and choose to use
it will be smaller.3
The poorest Texans without insurance will benefit from a major extension of Medicaid to
adults. In Texas today, most of the parents whose kids get Medicaid do not qualify,
and poor adults without children do not qualify at all. Only adults who are seniors,
fully disabled, pregnant women, and a small handful of parents with almost no income
can get Medicaid today.
• Under the House reform bill, most parents whose children qualify for Medicaid
could also enroll in Medicaid, as will adults without children at that same income level.
• Many states already cover the parents in Medicaid, but Texas and a number of other
states chose to exclude them.
• About 1 million uninsured Texas adults under 125 percent of the federal poverty
income level (under $27,600 for a family of four) would qualify for Medicaid coverage.4
Thus, the largest group of Texans gaining new coverage under health reform as currently
proposed will be low‐to‐moderate income working families—precisely the folks struggling
hardest to afford care today. A smaller group of working poor adults currently excluded
by Texas Medicaid will gain coverage, and higher‐income uninsured Texans will gain access
to fairly‐priced, decent coverage that cannot be denied or taken away.
Economic Benefits to Texas from Increased Health Coverage
August 18, 2009
Center for Public Policy Priorities/Texas Voice for Health Reform
| 900 Lydia Street | Austin, TX 78702 www.texasvoiceforhealthreform.org 3
The House has not finalized provisions for how increased Medicaid coverage of poor parents and
adults will be financed; the filed bill would have the cost borne entirely by the federal government ,
while one House committee amendment would require states begin in the third year to pick up 10
percent of the cost of covering the new adults (i.e., federal government would pay 90 percent
thereafter).
• Because of Texas’ high uninsured rate and low‐income cut‐off for adult Medicaid coverage,
Texas stands to gain more in coverage from the new “floor” for covering adults than any other
state.
• At the same time, the stakes for Texas state government are likewise highest among the
states as Congress decides whether the expanded Medicaid coverage for adults will be fully
federally funded, or whether states will share a portion of the cost.
• To illustrate, the average monthly cost per Texas Medicaid adult (who is not disabled, aged, or
pregnant) today is about $305.5 Thus, federally funded coverage of 1 million additional adults
would bring about $3.66 billion additional federal dollars into the state in one year.
o This direct influx of federal funds could reverse Texas’ long‐held “donor state” status;
so that Texas taxpayers would get back in federal services as much or more than they
send to the U.S. Treasury in taxes.
o According to Texas Economist Ray Perryman, this health spending has a short‐term
multiplier of 3.25, meaning that the new $3.66 billion in health care spending would
generate a total of $11.9 billion in economic activity in the near term, as those health
care dollars are spent in local economies.
• If the House Energy and Commerce Committee’s proposal is adopted to have the states
eventually assume 10 percent of the cost of new adult Medicaid coverage, in year 3 after
implementation the federal funding influx for covering 1 million new adults would drop to
$3.3 billion, yielding $10.7 billion in total near‐term economic benefits. With the state picking
up $366 million (10 percent), the net benefit to the Texas economy would still be $10.3 billion
per year.
Small Business Impact
Health reform bills specifically address the needs of small employers, who face many challenges
finding high‐quality, affordable health coverage. Only 30 percent of Texas businesses with fewer than
25 employees offer coverage today.
• Small businesses will be able to buy health insurance through an “exchange”—a marketplace
where employers can easily compare a variety of health insurance options, including a public
option and non‐profit insurance options, and get clear information on price, quality, and
benefits.
• Reform bills include generous tax credits to help small businesses afford coverage. Under the
House bill, businesses with fewer than 25 employees—over 300,000 employers in Texas or 67
percent of all private businesses in Texas6—could qualify for tax credits if they pay average
wages of under $40,000 a year.
August 18, 2009
Center for Public Policy Priorities/Texas Voice for Health Reform
| 900 Lydia Street | Austin, TX 78702 www.texasvoiceforhealthreform.org 4
• An estimated 82.5 percent of Texas employers have annual payrolls under $500,000 a year, 7
and under the House reform bill would be exempt from a requirement to provide coverage or
pay an assessment if they do not.
House Energy & Commerce Committee Estimates:
The House Committee on Energy and Commerce has released projections of selected impacts of the
Tri‐Committee health reform bill HR 3200, by Congressional District. Texas totals are provided below,
and the full set of E&C estimates can be accessed at
http://energycommerce.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1717&catid=1
56&Itemid=55.
• 206,600 Texas seniors would avoid the “donut hole” in the Medicare Part D prescription
medication coverage;
• 18,050 Texas families would avoid bankruptcy due to unaffordable health care costs;
• $4.95 billion in payments to health care providers for what would otherwise have been
uncompensated care each year.
__________
1
2008 U.S. Census Current Population Survey, Uninsured U.S. citizens all ages and above 400% FPL.
2
2008 U.S. Census Current Population Survey, Uninsured U.S. citizens all ages from 125% to 400% FPL. House reform bill
currently would make all US citizens adults below 133% FPL eligible for Medicaid; 125% of FPL is used here as a proxy
measure because it is a standard income category used in public‐access CPS files.
3
HealthReform.gov, How Health Reform will Benefit Texas. Estimates using 2007 and 2008 U.S. Census Current
Population Survey.
4
2008 U.S. Census Current Population Survey, Uninsured U.S. citizens 19‐64 with income below 125% FPL.
5
Texas Health and Human Services Commission, Legislative Appropriations Request for 2010‐2011.
6
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey‐Insurance Component.
7
Estimate from August 2009 Texas Workforce Commission data on Texas employers contributing to Unemployment
Insurance with payrolls under $500,000 per year.
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